[Content Note: Rape Culture, Violence]
The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) of 1994 was a landmark that put $1.6 billion toward investigation and prosecution of violent crimes against women, imposed automatic restitution on those convicted, and allowed federal civil redress (later overturned) in cases prosecutors chose not to pursue.
Both the House and Senate versions of the 2011 reuathorization include provisions expanding protections for college women, as many as 25 percent of whom will experience sexual assault.
Congress, through the Jeanne Clery Act, already requires campuses to publish regular crime logs and public safety alerts. The new provisions would increase funding and training for campus police to combat sexual violence (and maybe stop blaming the victim); set certain standards for university disciplinary hearings; and require universities to provide sexual assault and bystander training as well as compile annual reports of incidents of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking.
The measure is not without its detractors, however. Wendy Kaminer criticizes the bill’s strict definition of consent and low standard of proof (i.e. “a preponderance of evidence”).
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